By the end of the eighteenth century, mankind had acquired varying degrees of awareness of logarithms, electricity, calculus, universal gravitation, and the laws governing the motion of physical objects, liquids and gasses. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are the gateway between the medieval world and the modern, centuries when western societies moved from an age governed principally by religion and superstition, to an age directed principally by reason and understanding. Now retired with his wife to the English countryside, Geoff was for several years a Parish Councillor and is now kept busy writing, singing in two male voice choirs, compèring concerts, growing fruit and vegetables, driving his 1937 Morgan sports car and doting on his five grandchildren and four step grandchildren. Assignments have ranged from international financial organizations to national governments and security agencies.įor more than thirty years, Geoff was a UK qualified private pilot of both single and twin-engined aircraft, amassing hundreds of hours flying both modern and vintage aircraft, with thirty-three aircraft types in his log book, including several ex-RAF marques. Geoffrey Pimm is a retired Member of the Institute of Risk Management and the Business Continuity Institute, London, with working experience in twenty-three countries (Australia, Belgium, China, Dubai, Eire, England, Finland, France, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Kuwait Luxembourg, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand) often in dangerous and/or challenging environments. This work records the many kinds of violent physical and verbal abuse perpetrated against women in Britain and her colonies, both domestically and under the law, during two centuries when huge strides in human knowledge and civilization were being made in every other sphere of human activity, but social and legal attitudes to women and their punishment remained firmly embedded in the medieval. Often beaten and abused at home by husbands exercising their legal right, they were whipped, branded, exiled and burnt alive by the courts, from which their sex had no recourse to protection, justice or restitution. This reaction often found expression in the violent and brutal treatment of women who were seen to have stepped out of line, whether legally, socially or domestically. These new and unprecedented liberties thus gained by women were perceived as a threat by the leaders of society, and thus arose an unlikely masculine alliance against the new feminine assertions, across all sections of society from Puritan preachers to judges, from husbands to court rakes. The social turbulence of the first half of the seventeenth century afforded women new opportunities and new religious freedoms, and women were attracted into the many new sects where they were afforded a voice in preaching and teaching. A comprehensive study of the pervasive misogyny that left women behind while British society moved toward the Age of Enlightenment.Īlthough the worlds of science and philosophy took giant strides away from the medieval view of the world, attitudes to women did not change from those that had pertained for centuries.
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